Hydrogen Fuel Cell Proposal

Hydrogen Proposal - Google Docs

Conceptual Proposal for a Wind-Hydrogen System Pilot

R. J. Patrick P. Eng.


Introduction Why we need new fuel cell technology

The age of oil has been the single most important contributing factor in the development of our modern world. The reserves of black gold have allowed us to have unprecented travel potential, unprecented employment potential and took the industrial revolution into the space age.

Unfortunately, there is no free lunch. Not only have we seriously polluted the atmosphere of the planet, but also we are using up the oil infinitely faster than nature can replenish it. We need to do something to limit the flow of oil from the ground. In addition, our greed for oil has allowed the rise of unstable and dangerous political regimes and terrorist groups that now threaten both our economy and our security. In fact, some pundits feel that the quest to preserve access to Middle Eastern oil reserves may cause the war in Iraq to be a war that never ends.

Quite simply, we must do something to get off oil and onto another fuel

What follows is an unsolicited proposal to begin the process. For a minimal level of investment, a well-targeted corporate project can establish world-leadership in the off-oil movement and in restabilizing the Middle East.

What Is The Answer? Hydrogen fuel cells

The interim answer, quite simply said (but not so simply done) is hydrogen. Hydrogen gas H2 is abundant, available and burns cleanly. The combustion product is water. In addition, hydrogen can be used in conventional gasoline engines with a conversion similar to the conversion for natural gas. Hydrogen can also be used in fuel cells - if and when a reliable hydrogen cell is developed.

Hydrogen is generated using electricity, which heretofore has made its use as fuel uneconomical. However, there is an economical electrical resource that is ideally suited for the hydrogen slant on things. Wind generated electricity is a very reasonable answer to the question. The fuel is free, and hydrogen storage allows for the use of the system during times of low wind availability.

Hydrogen can also be used in a conventional engine, an electro-mechanical diesel engine or a fuel cell to generate electricity. CLEAN ELECTRICITY!! Wind energy alone is only partially suitable for direct generation of electricity. When the "fuel", wind, is diminished or absent, something else has to be used to take up the slack in energy. If conventional fossil fuels are used, pollutants are generated which defeat the purpose of using the clean wind energy in the first place. If hydrogen is used to take up the slack, the result is clean energy.

Again, there is no free lunch. This system does not come without a price. The overall efficiency of the system is low. Therefore, sufficient wind generation resources must be provided to overcome this.

Why Are We Concerned? Conventional Energy is beoming more expensive with outages expected

There is an excellent video on the market called "The End of Suburbia" The producer, a man named Barry Silverthorn from Paris, Ontario, has gone to great lengths to examine the suburban way of life and the impact of dwindling oil and natural gas reserves. Some of the experts featured (one in particular from Iran) feel that the world oil production has peaked now . Peaking means that the rate of oil recovery from the ground has reached its maximum and can only decline. With increasing consumption from the Chinese, this means that the western way of life is seriously threatened and that western economies cannot grow. In point of fact, natural gas production has already peaked. Currently, the United States consumes fully 50% of Canadaian gas production. Fixing the worldwide problem is daunting and virtually impossible. The only viable alternative is to live more "locally".

What this means is that we must adjust our way of life to consume much less energy. It also means that we have to consider smaller local energy solutions to take up the slack when the larger more environmentally damaging systems fail.

In addition, we must consider our stewardship of the planet. Existing energy solutions are very damaging to the environment. There are some who have postulated that this damage was a contributing factor in the increasing fury and frequency of hurricanes in the Southern United States. The polar ice caps are receding creating fears of large land mass loss on the coastal areas of North America and Europe. Nunavut Territory, for instance, relies completely on oil for its energy needs (both electrical and heat) and emits more greenhouse gas per capita than any other jurisdiction in the world. We can't continue with this mentality!

Why Not Just Wind?

When wind energy is used, it is cheap, and the fuel is free. You can generate electricity. Wind, however is rarely constant. When the wind doesn't blow, you don't produce energy. This requires other forms of generation to take up the slack. The Danes have managed to get an 18% penetration of their power generation through wind energy. That is about the limit. I recall an installation in Nunavut in Kugluktuk. The penetration was about 50% in that case. When the wind varied, the fossil fired generation could not react to the load and the system collapsed. This was virtually a daily occurrence. It would seem, therefore, that wind alone is not much of an answer.

The Proposal- New generation Fuel cells

This system has been implemented in other jurisdiction as a demonstration project. Each part has also been done before, but the business model has not. In addition, since Fuel cells are desirable, there does not appear to be PEM fuel cells available on today's market for either single dwelling or community use. Therefore, some modifications might be required to allow a natural gas reformer to be removed from another type of fuel cell in order to allow for the use of straight hydrogen. This is a conceptual proposal for evaluation. We will supply a detailed proposal if there is an interest by the client.

Wind energy is a very old technology. It has been used for everything from flour making to water pumping. Recently, more sophisticated wind turbines have been designed to allow for the generation of electricity. In conventional wind-diesel systems, sophisticated control systems and battery backup systems have been used to allow the system to perform seamlessly. In point of fact, the control systems used (noteably in Alaska) do not provide 100% reliability and outages still ensue. The cause of the outage is the inability of the fossil fuelled backup to respond to the failure of the wind turbine within a reasonable period of time, which would prevent a system trip as a result of undervoltage or underfrequency conditions. The control systems are far better than wind-diesel without control, but the overall savings in diesel fuel was only 25%

The proposal at hand is to create a business opportunity to stimulate the wind hydrogen alternative and commercialize it to the point that it can be sold internationally.

First, some details of the technical system:

Wind turbines are mature technology. There are some issues when operating them in colder climates and this is one of the reasons for a pilot scale system. Many turbines have been tried in the Arctic, but only one survived the initial trial and even it required extensive modification. Therefore, there would have to be a monitored trial period for the turbine before commercialization could occur. In addition, solar panels would probably be required for summer use when the wind levels are traditionally lower.

The hydrolyser, unit, which makes the hydrogen gas from water, is a very mature technology and requires no trial period.

If a fuel cell were desired for the production of electricity, this would require the bulk of the work. Conventional fuel cell systems of any decent size are designed to operate on natural gas. The natural gas is "reformed" into hydrogen using the heat from the fuel cell. If straight hydrogen fuel were to be used directly, the reformer would have to be removed from the unit and a suitable heat exchange system to remove the heat designed.

The system, however, can run quite happily with conventional internal combustion engines or electro-mechanical diesels with spark injectors. In point of fact, the most realistic configuration from a repair and system planning perspective might be the use of conventional engines coupled in tandem running a reasonably sized generator (say, 300 KW). This configuration would allow for local resources to maintain the engines and for the replacement of one engine without shutting down the entire generator. Even diesel systems would require some specialized maintenance expertise In either the community or single dwelling model, vehicles could be run by hydrogen as part of the system

The wind system would have to be over provisioned to take the efficiency into account and to allow for the use of hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen gas can be used as a fuel in converted vehicles. This would allow for the use of existing vehicular infrastructure in preclude the need for the purchase of new, more technologically advanced vehicles by people who probably couldn't afford them. In addition, the existing natural gas infrastructure could also be used to provide hydrogen as a heating fuel (assuming a suitable accommodation with the gas company could be reached). In the single residence model, the internal systems could be tapped directly.

This system is both technically feasible and could quite easily get a small community or even just a single residence completely off grid power and conventional fuels.

The Scalable Business Model

Why would a client invest in the order of $10 million more or less- to do this (community model)? What we are proposing is just that - an scalable investment to the small or large community. This system is considered as a demonstration and as a marketing vehicle.

Test Market needed

If the client were to invest the money and get a small community or single residence off conventional energy, the project could be used to market the system internationally. Small communities in the Arctic, around the globe could benefit greatly and be potential customers. This would include Alaska and the former Soviet Union. It is quite likely that the United States and/or the World Bank would buy systems to install in these and other underdeveloped areas as a way to increase their access to oil and reduce pollution. In addition, the Chinese might be avid customers. Again, these systems might allow an oil greedy Chinese economy to stop sharing with residential users.

What we are suggesting is a return on investment for the system. In addition, the Federal Government, currently in election mode, would most probably underwrite the costs. We are suggesting Port Rowan, or a similiar small community for this trial because it is a tourist town that would give the project a high profile.

Resources are available to bootstrap this innovation project

For more information or expressions of interest please contact the hydrogen project group

Technical project consultants and development team presentaly available


The Role of R. J. Patrick

What we are proposing is a relationship with the client as project managers for the initial construction, and operation of the project. In addition, we have resources that are very experienced in marketing and product development when the product goes to the market.

Who is R. J. Patrick? A PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER with extensive experiene .
Over 20 years of Electrical, I&C design and multidisciplinary hands-on project management and a skilled communicator with the ability to facilitate.